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خصائص الشعر في العصر العباسي الاول دراسة نقدية
:مؤلف
ﺇﺑﺭﺍﻫﻳﻡ ﻋﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﺎﺟﻲ ﻗﺩﻭﺭ
:المادة
/
:الكلية
/
:السنة
2008
:دار النشر
ﺩﻳﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﺑﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﻳﺔ
:الصفحات
137
:ردمك
978-9661-0-1154-6
:الملخص
ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺳﺟﻳﻼ]ﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺿﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ، ﻭ ﻻﻣﺱ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻛﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻣﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻳﺔ ، ﻓﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﺎﻋﺭ ﻟﺳﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ،ﻛﻣﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﺗﻧﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻳﻑ ﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻣﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻅﻬﺭ ﺻﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺃﻛﺑﺭ ﺣﻘﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺧﻳﺔ ﻣﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺷﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺑﻬﻰ ﻣﺭﺍﺣﻠﻪ، ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺳﻲ ، ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺧﺻﺎﺋﺹ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺻﺭ ﺗﺗﺻﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻓﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻌﻳﺔ: ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻛﻧﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻳﻥ، ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺙ ﺍﻟﺟﻭﺍﻧﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺿﺔ ، ﻓﻬﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺿﺣﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﻘﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺑﻳﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ، ﻭ ﺗﺳﺑﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺻﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻫﻧﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻳﺻﻧﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﻘﻰ ، ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺑﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺟﺯﻟﺔ ، ﻭ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻣﻭﺳﻳﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻣﺅﺛﺭ ، ﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺷﻌﺭ ﻳﺳﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻣﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﺗﺗﺯﺍﺣﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻁﻔﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺩﻳﺩ ، ﻣﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻝﺍﻟﺑﺎﺣﺛﻭﻥ ﻳﺟﻣﻌﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻭﺍﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺣﺿﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺣﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻳﺔ ﻳﻭﻣﺋﺫ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺿﺧﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﻠﻣﻳﻥ ،ﺑﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺭﺿﻭﺍ ﻟﺗﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺗﻰ ﻣﻥﺍﻟﺣﺿﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻓﻛﺎﺭ ، ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺟﺩﻳﺩ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﻳﺔ ، ﻭ ﺇﺫﻛﺎء ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻧﺷﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﺧﺻﺏ ﻓﻳﻬﺎ ، ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﺣﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺑﻪ ﻣﻥ ﺍﻧﻁﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺟﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﻣﺎ ﻓﺿﻝ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺍﻧﺩﻓﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺳﺭﻳﻌﺔ ﻧﺣﻭ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺩﻳﺩ ، ﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﺍﻟﺳﻣﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻬﻣﺎ ﻓﻳﻣﺎ ﺣﺩﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﺄـﺛﺭ ﻋﻘﻭﻟﻬﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻅﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻓﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺑﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺎﻭﻟﺕ ﻣﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﺑﻳﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻲ ﻣﻥ ﺷﻌﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺛﺭ ، ﻭ ﺳﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﺿﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺧﻠﻔﺎء ﻟﻡ ﻳﻛﻭﻧﻭﺍ ﻣﺗﺯﻣﺗﻳﻥ ﺑﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻘﻔﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺑﻳﻠﻬﺎ ، ﺑﻝ ﻛﺎﻧﻭﺍ ﻳﺷﺟﻌﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺗﻁﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻧﻘﻝ ﻣﻥ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ﺟﺩﺍﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ، ﻛﻝ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻭ ﻏﻳﺭﻩ ﻛﺛﻳﺭ ﻗﺿﻰ ﺑﻧﺷﻭء ﻓﻧﻭﻥ ﺟﺩﻳﺩﺓ، ﻛﺎﻟﺷﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﺗﻌﻠﻳﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻌﺭ ﺍﻟﻣﺟﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺯﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻁﻭﻳﺭ ﺃﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻛﺎﻧﺕ ﻗﺑﻝ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺿﻳﻘﺔ ﻭ ﻣﺣﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﻧﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﻔﻭﺫ ﺷﻌﺭﻱ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ، ﻛﻭﺻﻑ ﺍﻟﺧﻣﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺗﻁﻔﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻧﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ
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